Lancaster was the last civilized outpost on the western frontier during the French and Indian wars its workshops already were turning out wagons, guns, clothing and numerous items for the protection of the Pennsylvania hinterland. Who can say how many of those artisans and mechanics "invented" day-by-day

courts, and no longer was the exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. In early Pennsylvania capital offenses included treason, murder, �manslaughter, burglary, rape and arson. That means the death penalty was possi- ble if guilty. Lancaster County's first court session was held in May, 1729, at John

. Transportation was important, for coal does not occur in Lancaster County. Anthracite coal was brought to Lancaster County by canal boat, as was steam coal from southwestern Pennsylvania. The newer furnaces had to be located on or near canals, and along railroads for delivery of pig and wrought iron to the

were not in operation. 1° Puddling furnaces in eastern Pennsylvania tended to use anthracite coal, according to Temin, the proximity of the mines and the earlier development of canal and rail transportation in the East being advantageous. The Safe Harbor Rolling Mill was cited by Temin as using

structure evolved from a prehistoric form containing the essential core and crucible.' The transition from the mid-fifteenth century European blast furnace to the early nineteenth century charcoal furnace of Pennsylvania was gradual. Technological changes occurred chiefly in the shape and size of the

structure will be ruined. A month later Schreiber informed Pennsylvania Adjutant General Arm- strong that more chimneys had fallen, and that Frederick Kuhn was salvaging the bricks from the chimneys and gable ends. The sketch by Atlee is reproduced here with new lines replacing the faint original draft. A