Columbia on the South and from Chickies and Mt. Hope on the West to Lancaster and Quarryville on the East. The famous "camelback" locomotives of the Philadelphia and Reading, manned mostly by Pennsylvania-German crews, steamed importantly back and forth over the busy little system. The author's earliest

his memory. THE TAPE-WORM RAILROAD One hundred and twenty-five years ago Pennsylvania was engaged in a gigantic campaign of internal improvement. New York had complet- ed the Erie Canal in 1825 after eight years of work and after spending 7½ millions of dollars. The opening of this new avenue of

included all of the former Conestoga Manor and all the land north to the Lancaster-Columbia Turnpike. The Turn- pike from the Little Conestoga River at Maple Grove westward to the West Branch of the Little Conestoga River near Hershey's Mill Road served as the Hempfield-Manor boundary. From the West Branch

third parties extended their operations until Lancaster became known as a "wide-open" town. 4 According to a 1934 report, underworld characters said that those who had money to spend on prostitution merely went out of town to such places as Columbia and Eden, Pennsylvania, after conditions became