hostile operations of. the British King and Parliament, the United States of America, at a time when they were totally unprovided with Fleets or Armies . . . " On 24 July 1777 Congress resolved "That it be recommended to the executive authorities of each of the United States, to divide their states into

A History of Sin and Vice: Lancaster—The Fallen Angel By John W. W. Loose, FLCHS in a community remarkable for its many churches and the reputed piety of its citizenry, the very thought of sin and vice is improbable. In this time of social disintegration and family dysfunction, it is not uncommon

. Vondersmith, associate judge of the Lancaster County Courts, delivered an essay on "Civilization and Its Effects Upon Mankind." About ten years later Judge Vondersmith fled from Lancaster civilization ahead of the United States marshal who held a warrant for his arrest. The civilized judge, it was alleged

would have become the second city of Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh with a population of 7,000 had become Pennsylvania's second city in 1816. With the War of 1812 out of the way and the economy depressed, Lancaster's leaders once more agitated for a city charter. Despite the opposition of a fairly large

professional historians concern themselves with national or regional intellectual history—if they deign to explore intellectual history at all. It is my purpose to look at a minor, albeit important factor in the development of local intellectual history, and I propose to accomplish this by examining the