successful, both economically and socially. In relating events leading to the building of these two churches, a history of the Gap Nickel Mines must be given. The Gap Nickel Mines, located thirteen miles east of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in Bart Township, date back as early as 1718. 1 William Penn, because of

in Pennsylvania, known as Lancaster County, has developed into the "Garden Spot of Amer- ica."' Lancastrians, whether native or adopted, pride themselves on a past steeped on heroic actions and of their forefathers' participa- tion and contributions in the shaping and guiding of not only their county

, in 1820 and 1821. See Franklin Ellis and Samuel Evans, History of Lancaster County. Pennsylvania, with Biographical Sketches of Its Pioneer and Prominent Men (Philadelphia: Everts and Peck, 1883). 543-544; and the undated clippings of articles written by Francis Xavier Reuss, an old Columbia

officially "East Hempfield." The boundary between the Hempfields runs along the West Branch brook northeast to Stony Batter' Road, and by that road to Landisville at the northern edge of the township. �The origin of the name Hempfield is lost. Dr. Joseph Dubbs in a lec- ture to the Lancaster County