successful, both economically and socially. In relating events leading to the building of these two churches, a history of the Gap Nickel Mines must be given. The Gap Nickel Mines, located thirteen miles east of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in Bart Township, date back as early as 1718. 1 William Penn, because of

, and now the new southern boundary of Hempfield, was a line ap- proximately the location of Charlestown Road running from Washington Borough to the Millersville Road near the Little Conestoga River bridge. Hempfield Township was further reduced in size when Manor Township was erected in 1759, which

not been pockets of earnest resistance in behalf of the local Democracy. The separation of Columbia from the township when the former be- came a borough in 1814 did not alter its position as the economic center of the township. Nearly every person on the sunny slope of the ridge and on land drained by

"For a hundred years Lancaster's Cones- toga wagons were the greatest overland freighters the world ever knew. It is but ap- propriate that Lancaster should now produce their powerful and graceful successor, the Conestoga Motor Truck . ." From a 1917 Conestoga Motor Truck Com- pany ad. tv 1½ TON

more than one genera- tion in Lancaster County. 16 Some of them had been born slaves in Columbia or Fulton township, while most of the other Ne groes had come from other areas of Pennsylvania or the upper South." A num- ber of the Negroes descended from the earliest black county famil- ies had been

given of this country by Martin Kendig, one of the seven heads of families who had settled in what is now Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. He had landed in Philadelphia, from thence went to Germantown, then to Lancaster, and finally settled in Pequea, Conestoga Township,3 Soon afterward he married a Miss

1749. Entire extent of Lancaster County during that period is shown in insert map. county-seat, purchasees selected John Postlethwait's Tavern as the site for the first court house of Lancaster County. Located in Con- estoga Township, near Rockville and close to the Little Conestoga Creek

a flag pole raising in Centre Square. 2 Lancastrians were desirous of displaying their firm Union sympathies, and from here on, a flag was flown daily over the center of the community. It was of course "Old Glory." The affair on the twenty-fourth was probably a bit rushed, for this was to be the

photograph, together with an ambrotype and a number of small photographs. An outstanding Republican demonstration was held on the evening of July 25 when friends of Lincoln, Hamlin and Curtin — the latter be- ing the candidate for governor — assembled in Center Square (Penn Square). A committee from the

representatives, could not be expected to block legislation. 34 Lancaster County was represented in that body by Joseph Lefever, a farmer from Strasburg Township. As a faith- ful and loyal Democrat, he generally voted along party lines, much to the chagrin of his Federalist constitutents "pack home." There was