Emigrants in chains : a social history of forced emigration to the Americas of felons, destitute children, political and religious non-conformists, vagabonds, beggars and other undesirables, 1607-1776
In 1654 the Bristol City Council passed an ordinance requiring that a register of servants destined for the colonies be kept, the purpose being to prevent the practice of dumping innocent youths into servitude. The registers, covering the period 1654 to 1686, are the largest body of indenture records known, and they also are a unique record of English emigration to the American colonies.Of the total of 10,000 servants in these registers, almost all came from the West Country, the West Midlands, or from Wales. Most entries give the name of the servant, his place of origin (until 1661), length of service, destination (usually Virginia, Maryland, or the West Indies), name of master, and, after 1670, the name of the ship. Four indexes have been included, one each for servants, masters, places of origin, and ships. [from Ancestry.com]
American migrations, 1765-1799 : the lives, times, and families of colonial Americans who remained loyal to the British Crown before, during, and after the Revolutionary War, as related in their own words and through their correspondence
Metalworking trades in early America : the blacksmith, the whitesmith, the farrier, the edge toolmaker, the cutler, the locksmith, the gunsmith, the nailer, the tinsmith
Originally published: Early American ironware, cast and wrought. Rutland, Vt. : C.E. Tuttle Co., 1966.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary
"A fascinating and informative survey of early metalworking trades.Each is covered in its own separate chapter: the blacksmith, whitesmith, edgetool maker, cutler, locksmith, wheelwright, gunsmith, nailer, and tinsmith. Introductory chapters describe and explain the blast furnace, forge, and iron foundry, processes that provided the raw material for the early metal trades. Quoting extensively from contemporary sources, Mr. Kauffman describes not only what was made, but also how it was made. Enhancing the text are more than 200 illustrations, many never before available." [from the publisher]
"A comprehensive listing compiled from English public records of those who took ship to the Americas for political, religious, and economic reasons; of those who were deported for vagrancy, roguery, or non-conformity; and of those who were sold to labour in the New Colonies."
The story of how these important early products were made and used, ranging from the simple tin pot to an elaborate brass chandelier; covering items used in the kitchen, living room, and bedroom; sconces, lanterns, trays, candle molds, candlesticks, and andirons, ladles, bed warmers, and a multitude of other objects. Illustrated with scores of photos. [from the publisher]
Chapters: EARLY STARTS (the first attempts at organized education) // NINETEENTH CENTURY IDEALISM (the effort to design and build the perfect school) // THE AMISH ONE-ROOM SCHOOLHOUSE // THE TEACHER // SCHOOL BOOK // TEACHING APPARATUS // DESKS AND CHAIRS // RULES AND REGULATIONS
