reports for Lancaster between the years 1849 and 1889 shed considerable light on these failures. ARTISANS - CITY OF LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA 1819* 1850** 1880** Blacksmiths 55 79 140 Bookbinders 5 1 15 Cabinetmakers 27 56 53 Carpenters and Joiners 90 199 274 Chairmakers 7 13 11 Coach and Wagonmakers 32 34

heat, and there can be a size difference of 3/4" within a batch. Of course, some of the brick that are underburned are not hard enough to withstand weather exposure. One basic operation at Lancaster Brick Company in 1920 was mining, that is, the digging of clay. This was a process using an electric