remained, becoming valuable mem- bers of the young state.4 Complete separation only became the final issue early in 1776. When this new issue did come, the Loyalists denounced it as revolution and anarchy. Parties then divided on stricter lines. Every man had now to choose the master he would serve

in 1782.9 Gouverneur Morris thought it was doubtful whether more than one half the people of New York " were even in really 5 Lecky's History of England in. Eighteenth Century, Vol. 3, p. 479. 6 Flick's Loyalists in N. Y., p. 150. 7 Works of John Adams, Vol. 10, pp. 63-110. 8 Works of John Adams, Vol

writer. He himself says: "I received as perfect an education as that country could afford." He appears to have had an inclina- tion to follow his father's early pur- suit, that of medicine, and was, ac- cordingly, apprenticed, as was the cus- tom of that day, to Dr. Cadwalader Evans, of Philadelphia