"The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, also known as Spanish Flu, claimed the lives of 675,000 Americans and as many as 40 million people worldwide. The roll among U.S. servicemen during WW1 was especially severe. "Of the U.S. soldiers who died in Europe, half of them fell to the influenza virus and not to the enemy. An estimated43,000 servicemen died of influenza." No part of America escaped this pandemic. Yet, each community in America was affected by, and reacted to, this disease in a unique way. This paper is an examination of the1918 Influenza epidemic in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania and a comparison with the findings of other historians on the effects of the epidemic in Philadelphia, San Francisco and Los Angeles. Particular attention will be given to the measures taken to curb the epidemic by the Board of Health in each of these cities. The effectiveness of these measures, and the controversies that arose in response to them, will also be examined." [from the introduction]
The acts of Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania, carefully compared with the originals. And an appendix, containing such acts and parts of acts, relating to property, as are expired, altered, or repealed. Together with the royal, proprietary, city, and borough charters; and the original concessions of the Honourable William Penn to the first settlers of the province
Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania : passed at a session, which was begun and held at the city of Philadelphia on Tuesday, the fourth day of December, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and of the independence of the United States of America, the seventeenth
Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania : passed at a session, which was begun and held at the city of Philadelphia on Tuesday, the seventh day of December, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and of the independence of the United States of America, the fifteenth. : To which are prefixed, the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the Commonwealth
Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania : passed at a session, which was begun and held at the city of Philadelphia on Tuesday, the third day of December, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, and of the independence of the United States of America, the eighteenth
George Frederick Baer (September 26, 1842 - April 26, 1914) was an American lawyer who was the President of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and spokesman for the owners during the Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902. Baer's statements on workers and labor relations became rallying cries for the unions. Most famously he wrote in a letter, later leaked to the press, "The rights and interests of the laboring man will be protected and cared for -- not by the labor agitators, but by the Christian men of property to whom God has given control of the property rights of the country, and upon the successful management of which so much depends." Baer attended Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, PA, and for the last 18 years of his life he was the College's president.
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Summary
HISTORIANS HAVE TRAPPED William Henry of Lancaster (1729–86) in the identity of gunsmith. Though meant as a compliment— most accounts portray Henry as the most important gunsmith in the "rifle-making hub of colonial America," Lancaster County— - this confinement is ironic, since Henry escaped this occupation as soon as he was able. The term gunsmith, then as now, could describe men who repaired guns, who produced specialized gun parts (such as barrels or locks), who created an entire gun from scratch (lock, stock, and barrel), or who ran a factory that employed other men. Henry seems not to have engaged in any of these activities after 1760. By the last decade of his life, Henry had achieved a level of financial security (and apparently embodied the virtuous independence thought to derive from it) that led his peers to entrust him with positions of responsibility and that left Henry free to accept them. He served first in local and state governments and was later appointed an administrator and financier for the Continental army and elected twice to the Continental Congress. We have failed to register the shape of his career, the magnitude of his transformation; instead, historians have imagined that during all these varied activities, Henry continued to work as a gunsmith. Indeed, the belief that Henry "was engaged in the manufacture of firearms for over thirty years," that he produced the rifles or muskets carried by soldiers from the French and Indian War through the Revolution, has been central to stories about him. [abstract]