structure evolved from a prehistoric form containing the essential core and crucible.' The transition from the mid-fifteenth century European blast furnace to the early nineteenth century charcoal furnace of Pennsylvania was gradual. Technological changes occurred chiefly in the shape and size of the

anthracite fuel in its puddling furnaces.11 Availability of bituminous coal and coke from western Pennsylvania at Lancaster, Columbia and Marietta suggests the possibility of their use in puddling furnaces in Lancaster County after the Pennsylvania Railroad was completed across the state in 1854. 12 In fact

be obeyed, and if we don't obey the law we will start �killing each other. Those poor devils living out there in the valley think they are free, now that they have escaped from southern farms. They aren't free as long as the Fugitive Slave Act is the law of the land. The law says we must help return