economically. A patent was granted to him by the patent office at Washington on 19 December 1833, for "a new and useful improvement in the manufacture of iron and steel by the application of anthracite coal."" Three Lancaster County anthracite furnaces—Shawnee (1844), Chikis- walungo (1845), and Henry Clay

. cit., p. 54. 20. The Columbia Spy. 8 March 1856. 21. The Lancaster Intelligencer, 18 February 1855. 22. Lawrence Van Horn, "The Old Buck Cannon," Journal of the Lancaster County Historical Society, LXIV (Autumn, 1960), 219-220; United States Patent Office, Patent No. 13,984, 25 December 1855. �23

"bursting at the seams," and there would be no lodgings or places to conduct the business of government. The Pennsylvania state government had arrived earlier from Philadelphia, and had established its various offices in Lancaster. The county courthouse had been appropriated for the state legislature, and

Bloody Dawn A play by John W. W. Loose During Lancaster County's observance of the Republic's bicentennial of the American Revolution, the Quarryville Chamber of Commerce with the enthusiastic approval of the Lancaster County Bicentennial Committee decided to stage a gala event on Saturday, 26 June

. Vondersmith, associate judge of the Lancaster County Courts, delivered an essay on "Civilization and Its Effects Upon Mankind." About ten years later Judge Vondersmith fled from Lancaster civilization ahead of the United States marshal who held a warrant for his arrest. The civilized judge, it was alleged

Catharine Sheridan and the young couple emigrated to the United States, settling in Lancaster among the likes of the Malones, McGoverns, McGranns and Reillys—all highly successful contractors. Young James knew a few things other than contracting and becom- ing wealthy—things such as social behavior and

Pennsylvania until the Constitution of 1968 revised the judiciary. Those elected to that office now are called "district justices," and they are required to undergo special training and to demonstrate competence prior to being elected. Presidents of the Lancaster County Courts Lancaster County was served well

Development of Lutheran Congregations in Lancaster County By J. W. W. Loose 1. New Holland, Trinity, 1730 2. Denver, Muddy Creek, 1730 3. Brickerville, Emmanuel (Old Warwick), 1730 4. Lancaster, Holy Trinity, 1730 5. Ephrata, Bergstrasse, 1752 6. Strasburg, St. Michael's, 1754 7. Maytown, St

Edward Barnholt and William Wittick: Lancaster County's Fearless Constables By John W. W. Loose Law enforcement in Pennsylvania prior to the establishment of the Pennsylvania State Police in 1905' was left to the county sheriffs, constables, and police departments of those municipalities that had

The Effort to Build a State Penitentiary at Lancaster A Bit of Local History Recently the Lancaster County Historical Society purchased at a public sale several documents for a modest sum. One of the documents was a "memori- al" sent to the Pennsylvania legislature by the Commissioners of Lancaster