to weaken the United States by stripping her of the commercial independence which she had gained from the War of 1812. Less than a decade prior to Cameron's arrival in St. Peters- burg, Russia had experienced a humiliating military and diplo- matic defeat when, without adequate allies, she faced the

-bent Federalist party. After 1810, as conditions grew worse between the United States and Britain and foreign relations became strained, the Federalists of Pennsylvania united, determined to prevent a declaration of war against England. In Lancaster, the Federalists' first real opposition to the Madi