Skip header and navigation

Revise Search

10 records – page 1 of 1.

Collection
Quarter Sessions
Title
Jail calendar
Object ID
AUG 1822 F001 QS
Date Range
1822/08
Collection
Quarter Sessions
Title
Jail calendar
Date Range
1822/08
Year
1822
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Room
Archives West
People
Albright, Francis
Banks, David
Cooly, Mary
Cooper, Joseph
Dellem, Joseph
Feldeberger, John
Fleck, John
Freeman, Mary
Fulk, David
Gardner, Adam
Green, Sophia
Henry, Joseph
Hercules, Peter
Jackson, Josiah
Johnston, Thomas
Jones, Eliza
Karting, John
Kauffman, Isaac
Lechler, John
Long, Frederick
McKinsey, Thomas
Oldegraff, Jacob
Perry, Joseph
Poole, Joseph
Sanders, Hugh
Sinnsel, Garret
Smith, William
Talbot, Net
Watt, Jane
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Subjects
African Americans--History
Prisoners
Search Terms
Incarcerated persons
Jails
Persons of color
Prisons
Quarter Sessions
Women
Object Name
Record, Judicial
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Object ID
AUG 1822 F001 QS
Location of Originals
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Additional Notes
Jail calendar.
1 item, 1 piece
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Request at Reference Desk; photocopy made by staff member.
Classification
RG 02-00 0908
Description Level
Item
Less detail
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Object ID
CommOrder 1822 #247A
Date Range
1822
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Admin/Biographical History
This record group contains canceled orders that were issued by the county commissioners for payment to be made by the county treasurer. The orders show date, order number, amount, name of payee, purpose, and signatures of the county commissioners.
Date Range
1822
Year
1822
Creator
County Commissioners
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Room
Archives North
Storage Container
Box 0002
People
Abbott, Samuel R.
Ackerman, George
Armstrong, James
Austin, James
Awerter, Leonard
Axer, George
Baire, John
Banks, David
Bear, Andrew
Bender, Nathan
Berkenhiser, Mary
Berkinhizer, Mary
Birkenheiser, Mary
Bitner, Abraham
Black, James
Bosehart, Ann
Boshart, Joseph
Boyer, Samuel
Brady, John
Branberger, Mary
Brenneman, Melchior
Briceland, Benjamin
Brison, Ann
Brown, John
Brown, Nancy
Bruckhart, Frederick
Buchwalter, John
Burke, John
Burke, Peter
Butler, Henry
Cadwalader, Ezra
Caligan, Edward
Carnes, Robert
Christ, John
Clyde, James
Cooper, Jeremiah
Dellam, Charles
Dellam, Joseph
Dellet, Adam
Diffenderfer, Jacob
Eberline, George
Eberline, Samuel
Eberman, Matthias
Eicholtz, Leonard
Evans, Sarah
Fahnestock, Dietrich
Feree, Ann
Findley, Jane
Findley, Sarah
Finfrock, Michael
Fishbaugh, William
Flick, Sarah
Freeman, Clarkson
Frey, Jacob
Fulk, David
Gardner, Adam
Gochenauer, Adam
Good, David
Green, Joseph
Green, Sophia
Gumpf, Michael
Haag, Bernhardt
Haag, Michael
Haines, Daniel
Hamacher, Adam
Heckroth, Henry
Heckrotte, Henry
Herculas, Peter
Herkless, Peter
Hess, John
Heyd, David
Hinkle, Jonathan
Hitzelberger, George
Holl, Peter
Hoover, George
Immel, John
Irick, Elizabeth
Johnson, Eliza
Jones, Eliza
Keller, John
Kendig, George
Kessinger, Mary Ann
Klecknir, George
Kuhns, Isaac
Kurtz, Ellen
Kurtz, William
Landis, Henry
Lansey, Jacob
Laughlin, James
Leman, Jacob
Light, Samuel
Lind, Michael
Lindy, Jacob
Lockard, Charles
Loyd, Ann
Markley, Jacob
Marshall, Joseph
McFann, WIlliam
McGivern, Patrick
McKinsey, Thomas
Menold, Andrew
Messencope, Philip
Montgomery, Benjamin
Mulford, Jonathan
Muma, John
Neff, John
Ogilby, Joseph
Orrick, Samuel D.
Pastor, John
Pauley, Barbara
Peterman, Elizabeth
Peters, Jacob
Powell, Edward
Powell, John
Reed, John
Reynolds, John
Rigle, Henry
Rigle, Martin
Rutter, Amos
Salmer, John
Santer, Hugh
Santers, Hugh
Schein, Jacob
Sellers, Samuel
Shaffner, Henry B.
Shartzer, Christopher
Shenk, Christian Jr.
Shertz, Jacob
Shirer, William
Shively, Daniel
Sinnison, Garret
Smith, Mary
Smith, Nicholas
Smith, Sarah
Smith, Steven
Smith, William
Snyder, John
Sower, Jacob
Spear, Robert
Spelk, Robert
Spera, Henry
Steffy, Jacob
Stevens, Darius
Stevenson, Hannah
Stock, Adam
Stokes, Abraham
Stoner, Christian
Storm, Elizabeth
Sweeney, James
Sweeny, James
Sweigart, John
Sweny, James
Swinkey, John
Swinky, Henry
Tarbill, Samuel
Taylor, Charles
Taylor, William
Todd, James
Todd, Mary
Treppert, John
Tripple, Joseph
Upperman, John
Walls, John
Ways, Michael
Weekland, James
Weigand, George
West, John
Williams, Charles
Wilson, John
Winter, Jacob
Yertes, Paul
Zeigler, George
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Search Terms
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Lancaster
Persons of color
Witnesses
Place
Lancaster
Object Name
Order for Payment
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Condition Date
2008-03-25
Object ID
CommOrder 1822 #247A
Box Number
002
Notes
Never entered into Q&A.
Additional Notes
Court House
Payments to witnesses. [This large item has been divided into two main parts: witnesses in diverse cases and witnesses in the John Lechler murder trial.]
WITNESSES IN DIVERSE CASES
[All are "Commonwealth v." ]
January 1816 Session, Court of Oyer and Terminer
Merrill, [illegible]. Counterfieting.
Ogilby, Joseph. Witness.
November 1817 Session, Court of Oyer and Terminer.
Marshall, Joseph. Stevens, Darius. Cadwalader, Ezra. Fishbaugh, William. Forgery and counterfeiting.
January 1818 Session, Court of Oyer and Terminer.
McGivern, Patrick. Forgery and counterfeiting.
September 1818 Session, Mayor's Court.
Stokes, Abraham. Forging and passing counterfeit banknotes. Ogilby, Joseph. Witness.
November 1818 Session, Court of Oyer and Terminer.
West, John. Counterfeiting and forging.
Ogilby, Joseph; Reynolds, John. Witnesses.
August 1820 Session.
Butler, Henry. Larceny.
Bear, Andrew. Witness.
September 1820 Session, Mayor's Court.
Boshart, Joseph. Larceny.
Klecknir, George; Kessinger, Mary Ann. Witnesses.
January 1821
Yertes, Paul. Disorderly house.
Sweigart, John. Witness.
November 1821
Berkinhizer, Mary. Murder.
Rutter, Amos. Witness.
January 1822 Sessions
Baire, John. Assault.
Axer, George. Witness.
Berkenhiser, Mary. Murder of a bastard child.
Sellers, Samuel and wife. Witnesses.
Birkenheiser, Mary. Murder.
Good, David. Constable's fees.
Tarbill, Samuel. Passing counterfeit notes.
Williams, Charles. Stealing a horse.
Cooper, Jeremiah. Property owner, his costs.
April 1822 sessions
McKinsey, Thomas. Larceny.
Swinky, Henry; Spera, Henry; Sower, Jacob; Swinkey, John; Bruckhart, Frederick; Evans, Sarah. Witnesses.
Dellam, Charles; Dellam, Joseph. Larceny.
Rigle, Martin; Muma, John; Rigle, Henry; Wilson, John;
Sweeney, James. Witnesses.
Finfrock, Michael. Larceny.
Winter, Jacob; Smith, Mary; Branberger, Mary; McFann, WIlliam; Montgomery, [Benjamin]. Witnesses.
Brison, Ann. Larceny.
Taylor, William. Witness.
Boyer, Samuel. Larceny.
Buckwalter, John. Witness.
Boyer, Samuel. African American. Larceny.
Buchwalter, John; Kuhns, Isaac. Witnesses.
Green, Joseph. Disorderly house.
Shartzer, Christopher. Witness.
Diffenderfer, Jacob. Witness.
Carnes, Robert. Larceny.
Peters, Jacob. Witness.
Brenneman, Melchior. Constable's fees.
Santers, Hugh. Bigamy.
Brown, Nancy. Witness.
Walls, John. Assault and battery.
Bender, Nathan. Witness.
Gardner, Adam. Larceny.
Lockard, Charles; Spear, Robert; Feree, Ann; Taylor, Charles. Witnesses.
Smith, William. Larceny.
Ackerman, George. Witness.
Stock, Adam. Witness.
Gardner, Adam. Defendant.
Abbott, Samuel R. Witness.
Sinnison, Garret. Mischievous wickedness.
Findley, Sarah; Eberline, George; Brown, John; Findley, Jane. Witnesses.
Herculas, Peter. Larceny.
Smith, Nicholas; Laughlin, James; Brown, John; Heckroth, Henry. Witnesses.
Weigand, George and wife. Witnesses.
Herkless, Peter. Theft.
Salmer, John; Brown, john; Spelk, Robert; Sweny, James; Smith, Steven. Witnesses.
Fulk, David. Larceny.
Clyde, James; Brown, John; Irick, Elizabeth. Witnesses.
Jones, Eliza. Larceny.
Smith, Sarah; Johnson, Eliza; Stevenson, Hannah; Loyd, Ann; Pauley, Barbara. Witnesses.
Santer, Hugh. Bigamy.
Shaffner, Henry B. Reverend. Witness.
Green, Sophia. Receiving stolen goods.
Ways, Michael; Brown, John; Sweeny, James; Eberline, Samuel; Spear, Robert; Zeigler, George. Witnesses.
Austin, James. Passing counterfeit bank notes.
Banks, David. Assault and battery.
Clyde, James. Witness.
WITNESSES IN THE JOHN LECHLER MURDER TRIAL
April 1822
Payment of expenses in bringing John Lechler to Lancaster.
Evans, David. Deputy Sheriff of Cambria County.
Court of Oyer and Terminer.
August Session 1822.
Lechler, John. Murder.
Witnesses for the defense:
Briceland, Benjamin.
Briceland, Mrs.
Fry, Jacob Sr.
Fry, Mrs.
Mayers, Philip.
Mayers, Mrs.
Getz, Nancy.
Fisher, Mary.
Rogers, Timothy.
Hamilton, John.
Hill, Mrs.
Tripple, Jacob.
Syeffe, Jacob.
Hinkle, Jonathan.
Hinkle, Mrs.
Reitzel, John Esq.
Carpenter, Samuel Esq.
Matter, George Esq.
McConnell, Catherine.
Fahnestock, Derrick Dr.
Ackerman, George.
Powell, Edward.
Burk, John.
Lechler, David.
Witnesses for the procecution:
Landis, Henry.
Dellet, Adam.
Mulford, Jonathan.
Menold, Andrew.
Neff, John.
Pastor, John.
Markley, Jacob.
Eberman, Matthias.
Shertz, Jacob.
Eicholtz, Leonard.
Frey, Jacob.
Haines, Daniel. Constable's fees.
Hess, John.
Hitzelberger, George.
Lindy, Jacob.
Flick, Sarah.
Storm, Elizabeth.
Black, James.
Todd, James.
Todd, Mary.
Fahnestock, Dietrich Dr.
Messencope, Philip.
Gumpf, Michael.
Orrick, Samuel D.
Armstrong, James.
Burke, John.
Haag, B ernard.
Haag, Michael.
Bosehart, Ann.
Treppert, John.
Caligan, Edward.
Lind, Michael.
Holl, Peter.
Freeman, Clarkson.
Kendig, George.
Weekland, James.
Shenk, Christian Jr.
Stoner, Christian.
Christ, John.
Bitner, Abraham.
Kurtz, William.
Kurtz, Ellen.
Brady, John.
Tripple, Joseph.
Shirer, William. Payment for serving subpoenas.
Light, Samuuel.
Schein, Jacob.
Hamacher, Adam.
Lansey, Jacob.
Peterman, Elizabeth.
Upperman, John.
Snyder, John.
Gochenauer, Adam.
Awerter, Leonard.
Tayloe, William.
Hoover, George.
Steffy, Jacob.
Heckrotte, Henry.
Reed, John.
Leman, Jacob.
Shively, Daniel.
Keller, John.
Heyd, David.
Immel, John.
Burke, Peter.
Powell, John.
1 item 97 pieces.
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Request at research desk. Photocopy made by staff member.
Classification
RG 08-01 0510
Description Level
Item
Less detail
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Object ID
CommOrder 1822 #266
Date Range
1822
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Admin/Biographical History
This record group contains canceled orders that were issued by the county commissioners for payment to be made by the county treasurer. The orders show date, order number, amount, name of payee, purpose, and signatures of the county commissioners.
Date Range
1822
Year
1822
Creator
County Commissioners
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Room
Archives North
Storage Container
Box 0002
People
Albright, Francis
Anderson, Eligah
Anderson, Stephen
Baldwin, Joseph
Banks, David
Barr, Samuel
Beates, Sally
Bentel, John
Billiar, Ruth
Bird, Henry
Breckenridge, James
Brown, Frederick
Brown, William
Burns, Christian
Burns, John
Buttler, Joseph
Buyers, Samuel
Carner, Robert
Chapman, Barbara
Clark Henry
Clark, Flora
Clark, James
Clearson, James
Clyman, Isaac
Clymer, Isaac
Cochran, Isaac
Coery, Margin
Cole, John
Cooper, Joseph
Corr, John
Cowhick, John
Cowhicke, John
Cross, Samuel
Daughtery, Edward
DeHuff, John
Dellam, Joseph
Dellem, Charles
Dellem, Joseph
Doak, Robert
Dreaver, Cyrus
Edwards, Samuel
Errow, George
Feldeberger, John
Feldeburger, John
Flick, Christian
Folk, Mary
Foulk, David
Fraizer, Charles
Freeman, John
Freeman, Mary
Fultoin, Thomas
Gardner, Adam
Gardner, George W.
George, John
Getz, Philip
Goodwin, Jacob
Gray, John
Green, Sophia
Grubb, Mark
Hairison, John
Harrison, John
Hauk, William
Heinitsh, August
Henry, Joseph
Hercules, Peter
Hopkins, Samuel
Irick, Jacob
Jackson, Josiah
Johnson, Sarah
Johnson, Thomas
Johnston, William
Jones, Eliza
Kauffman, Isaac
Kennedy, Mary
King, Ceaser
Kline, Elizabeth
Koenig, Daniel
Krafft, Joseph
Kriner, John
Lamb, Daniel
Land, Alexander
Lechler, John
Leven, George
Lewis, Caleb
Lewis, George
Lick, Margaretta
Linch, Elenor
Linsey, James
Long, Ceaser
Long, Frederick
Lyenner, John
Lynch, Biddiay
Lynch, Biddy
Lynch, Elenor
Lynch, Hannah
Lynch, WIlliam
Malson, James
Marshall, James
McCall, George
McCall, Martha
McCooly, Elizabeth
McDonald, Betsy
McDonnald, Anna
McGlaughlin, Robert
McKindell, James
McKinsey, Thomas
McKnight, Robert
Meloney, James
Milford, John
Miller, Jacob
Mitchell, James
Molson, Ephraim
Murphy, Jacob
Newman, David
Noble, Thomas B.
Norriss, Susannah
Ossler, Samuel
Parker, John
Parrent, Rachael
Patterson, Jacob
Peters, Else
Peterson, Thomas
Philips, Ann
Philips, Thomas
Redoubt, Joseph
Rehman, Andrew
Reinhart, John
Rheam, Abraham
Rice, Selah
Rupp, Fanny
Sanders, Hugh
Scott, John
Sensenich, Jesse
Shaum, John
Sinister, Garret
Sinnister, Garrett
Smith, John
Smith, Robert
Smith, William
Snotgrass, James
Spencer, Mary
Stahley, Stephen
Sterling, John
Steward, John
Stout, Nathan
Talbott, Edward
Tunison, Francis
Updegroff, Jacob
Watt, James
Watt, Jane
White, James
Williams, Thomas
Williams, William
Wilson, John
Wilson, Maryann
Wilson, Thomas
Young, George
Zecher, Christian
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Search Terms
Lancaster
Prisons
Persons of color
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Place
Lancaster
Object Name
Order for Payment
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Condition Date
2008-03-25
Object ID
CommOrder 1822 #266
Box Number
002
Notes
Entered into Q&A Aug 26, 2003.
Additional Notes
Prison
Payment for key fees and maintenance of prisoners.
Heinitsh, August. Jailor.
Prisoners, 2 April to 2 July 1822.
Kauffman, Isaac.
Cochran, Isaac.
Snotgrass, James. Died 22 June 1822.
Molson, Ephraim.
Getz, Philip.
Dellem, Joseph.
Dellem, Charles.
Buyers, Samuel.
McKinsey, Thomas.
Erron, George.
Cowhicke, John.
Sensenich, Jesse.
Noble, Thomas B.
Feldeburger, John.
McKnight, Robert.
Carnes, Robert.
Lane, Alexander.
Folk, Mary.
Lick, Margaretta.
Clark, Flora.
Long, Frederick.
Mitchell, James.
Lechler, John.
Norriss, Susannah.
Hercules, Peter.
Anderson, Eligah.
Malson, James.
Smith, William.
Harrison, John.
Lyenner, John.
Doak, Robert.
Gray, John.
Sanders, Hugh.
Sinister, Garret.
Banks, David.
Koenig, Daniel.
Irick, Jacob.
Lynch, Biddiay.
Hauk, William.
Rehman, Andrew.
Henry, Joseph.
Gardner, George W.
Updegroff, Jacob.
McDonnald, Anna.
Anderson, Stephen.
Billiar, Ruth.
Gardner, Adam.
Jackson, Josiah.
Green, Sophia.
Tunison, Francis.
Wilson, Maryann.
Clymer, Isaac.
Beates, Sally.
Foulk, David.
Lynch, William.
Lynch, Elenor.
Lynch, Hannah.
McCooly, Elizabeth.
Buttler, Joseph.
Lynch, WIlliam.
Christy, [piece missing].
Beatts, [piece missing].
Nixdorf, [piece missing].
Prisoners, 2 July to 2 September 1822.
Feldeberger, John.
Carns, Robert.
Harrison, John. Died 30 July 1822.
Sinnaster, Garret.
Foulke, David.
Lynch, Biddy.
Butler, Joseph.
Beades, Aston.
Fleck, John.
Smith, John.
Leake, Peggy.
Fuller, Sires .
Eberman, Jacob.
Baker, James.
Calahan, Edward.
Hey, John.
Harman, Henry.
Houston, James.
Richards, John.
Bryan, Thomas.
Kingston, Stephen.
Sarfia, Samuel.
Smith, John. African American.
Steward, John.
Green, Charles.
Harman, William.
Klayfeter, Abraham.
Kuhn, John.
Borth, John.
Brunner, Jacob.
Weading, Philip.
Stout, Nathan.
Snyder, Jacob.
Jones, Eliza.
Steward, Charles.
Smeily, Hetty.
Keyser, Margaret.
Crossley, Samuel.
Williams, Thomas.
Fraizer, Charles.
Lamb, Daniel.
Watt, James.
Meloney, James.
Sterling, John.
Albright, Francis.
Wilson, [_____].
Cooper, Joseph.
Marshall, James.
Peterson, Thomas.
Kennedy, Mary.
Redoubt, Joseph.
McCall, George.
Leven, George.
Grubb, Mark.
Clark Henry.
Spencer, Mary.
Peters, Else.
Philips, Ann.
Talbott, Edward.
Freeman, Mary.
Philips, Thomas.
Hopkins, Samuel.
Young, George.
Goodwin, Jacob.
Lewis, Caleb.
Daughtery, Edward.
King, Ceaser.
Rupp, Fanny.
Lewis, George.
Freeman, John.
Patterson, Jacob.
Wilson, Thomas.
Baldwin, Joseph.
Smith, Robert.
McCall, Martha.
Stahley, Stephen.
Chapman, Barbara.
Linsey, James.
Cowhick, John.
Linch, Elenor. Doctor ordered one pint of beer for her.
Hairison, John. Doctor ordered a poultice: vinegar, molasses and wine.
Jones, Eliza. Doctor ardered wine and beer.
Prisoners, 2 September to2 November 1822.
Lechler, John. Executed 23 September 1822.
Sinnister, Garrett.
Johnson, Thomas.
Dellam, Joseph.
Watt, Jane.
Coery, Margin.
Rheam, Abraham.
Clark, James.
Clearson, James.
McDonald, Betsy.
Burns, John.
Johnson, Sarah.
Rice, Selah.
Ossler, Samuel.
Dreaver, Cyrus. Escaped.
Shaum, John.
George, John.
Bentel, John.
White, James. Escaped.
Burns, Christian.
Milford, John.
Krafft, Joseph.
Murphy, Jacob.
McGlaughlin, Robert.
Reinhart, John.
Corr, John.
Barr, Samuel.
Cole, John.
Breckenridge, James.
Fultoin, Thomas.
Newman, David.
Long, Ceaser.
Scott, John.
Williams, William.
Brown, William.
Bird, Henry.
Brown, Frederick.
Flick, Christian.
Edwards, Samuel.
Wilson, John.
Johnson, THomas.
Parker, John.
McKindell, James.
Parrent, Rachael.
Clyman, Isaac.
Cross, Samuel.
Non-prisoners mentioned:
DeHuff, John. Delivered sand for the wall.
Gardner, Adam. Tea and coffee.
Johnston, William. Repaired a bucket.
Kriner, John. Mended pump.
Miller, Jacob. Soap for prisoners.
Kline, Elizabeth. Made 2 shirts for prisoners.
Zecher, Christian. Sand for kitchen.
Hager & Co. Provided 4 shirts for prisoners.
1 item 1 piece.
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Request at research desk. Photocopy made by staff member.
Classification
RG 08-01 0510
Description Level
Item
Less detail
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Object ID
CommOrder 1821 #259
Date Range
1821
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Description
This record group contains canceled orders that were issued by the county commissioners for payment to be made by the county treasurer. The orders show date, order number, amount, name of payee, purpose, and signatures of the county commissioners. In the case of "poor children," teachers were reimbursed by the county for tuition and/or the supplies purchased for students whose parents were unable to pay. Orders include: Poor Children, Almshouse, Bridges, Coroners' Inquests, Prisons, Roads, Court House, and Tax Exonerations.
System of Arrangement
The record group is organized chronologically, then arranged by order number within each year.
Date Range
1821
Date of Accumulation
1810-1901
Year
1821
Creator
County Commissioners
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Room
Archives North
Storage Container
Box 0001
People
Anderson, Frank
Anderson, Maria
Banks, David
Barber, Robert
Belger, John
Biddle, Benjamin
Brown, Thomas
Bullman, James
Cannon, John
Carlisle, Mary
Conner, Mary
Cose, James
Coyle, Ann
Coyle, John
Domer, Christian
Fowler, Peter
Frances, Fanny
Fritz, John
Fultz, Mary
Galbough, Jacob
Gardner, Robert
Green, Abner
Green, Charles
Green, Mary
Greer, Peter
Guest, Rosanna
Gundaker, John
Hamelton, William
Hutcheson, James
Hydon, George
Jackson, Samuel
Jones, Isaac
Kanadey, Matthew
Kean, James
Kechler, John
Kerns, William
Kuts, Thomas
Lawrence, James
Leek, Margaret
Levan, John
Levan, Mary
McBride, John
McCardle, Peter
McCook, Elizabeth
McGiven, Paterick
McGrann, Paterick
Mitchel, Dennes
Molson, Ephrem
Moore, James
Muma, John
Murry, Henry
Parker, Joseph
Perrece, Jonathen
Planter, Worthington
Reist, Thomas
Remley, Henry
Robeson, Lydea
Sencler, Sarah
Shimp, David
Smith, John
Stewart, George
Studdert, Andrew
Swann, Samuel
Vandike, Jacob
Walker, James
Walker, Joseph
Williams, Jacob
Williams, John
Wright, William
Yarlett, Margaret
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Search Terms
Lancaster
Prisons
African Americans
Persons of color
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Extent
70 boxes (35 cubic ft.)
Object Name
Order for Payment
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Condition Date
2008-03-25
Object ID
CommOrder 1821 #259
Box Number
001
Notes
Date entered into Q&A was not recorded.
Additional Notes
Expenses for prisoners.
Anderson, Frank.
Anderson, Maria. African American.
Banks, David. African American.
Barber, Robert.
Belger, John.
Biddle, Benjamin.
Brown, Thomas.
Bullman, James. African American.
Cannon, John.
Carlisle, Mary.
Conner, Mary.
Cose, James. African American.
Coyle, Ann.
Coyle, John.
Domer, Christian.
Fowler, Peter.
Frances, Fanny.
Fritz, John.
Fultz, Mary.
Galbough, Jacob.
Gardner, Robert.
Green, Abner. African American.
Green, Charles. African American.
Green, Mary. African American.
Greer, Peter.
Guest, Rosanna.
Gundaker, John.
Hamelton, William.
Hutcheson, James.
Hydon, George.
Jackson, Samuel. African American.
Jones, Isaac.
Kanadey, Matthew .
Kean, James.
Kechler, John.
Kerns, William.
Kuts, Thomas.
Lawrence, James.
Leek, Margaret.
Levan, John. African American.
Levan. Mary. African American.
McBride, John.
McCardle, Peter.
McCook, Elizabeth.
McGiven, Paterick.
McGrann, Paterick .
Mitchel, Dennes.
Molson, Ephrem.
Moore, James.
Muma, John.
Murry, Henry. African American.
Parker, Joseph.
Perrece, Jonathen. African American.
Planter, Worthington. African American.
Reist, Thomas.
Remley, Henry.
Robeson, Lydea.
Sencler, Sarah.
Shimp, David.
Smith, John.
Stewart, George.
Studdert, Andrew.
Swann, Samuel. African American.
Vandike, Jacob. African American.
Walker, James.
Walker, Joseph.
Williams, Jacob.
Williams, John.
Wright, Alese.
Wright, William.
Yarlett, Margaret.
1 item, 1 piece
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Request at research desk. Photocopy made by staff member.
Classification
RG 08-01 0510
Description Level
Item
Less detail
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Object ID
CommOrder 1823 #332
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Description
This record group contains canceled orders that were issued by the county commissioners for payment to be made by the county treasurer. The orders show date, order number, amount, name of payee, purpose, and signatures of the county commissioners. In the case of "poor children," teachers were reimbursed by the county for tuition and/or the supplies purchased for students whose parents were unable to pay. Orders include: Poor Children, Almshouse, Bridges, Coroners' Inquests, Prisons, Roads, Court House, and Tax Exonerations.
System of Arrangement
The record group is organized chronologically, then arranged by order number within each year.
Date of Accumulation
1810-1901
Year
1823
Creator
County Commissioners
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Container
Box 0004
People
Atlee, John L.
Bailey, J. M.
Banks, David
Basset, Mary
Basset, Polly
Boyd, Robert
Boyer, Samuel
Brice, Selah
Briscoe, Sarah
Burnes, Henry
Clark, Flora
Cooby, Betsey
Cooper, Anne
Derrick, Mary
Finkenaur, A. M.
Gardner, Adam
Getz, Philip
Grey, John
Hamilton, Nancy
Henry, Joseph
Hickman, Sally
Hickman, Sarah
Johnson, Sarah
Jones, Eliza
Kearns, Robert
Krug, Robert M.
Lynch, Hannah
McDonnel, Ann
Remley, Frederick
Roop, Fanny
Roup, Fanny
Sanders, Hugh
Smith, J. Henry
Thompson, Sarah
Wilson, David
Young, Kitty
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Search Terms
Lancaster
Prisons
African Americans
Persons of color
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Place
Lancaster
Extent
70 boxes (35 cubic ft.)
Object Name
Order for Payment
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Condition Date
2008-03-25
Object ID
CommOrder 1823 #332
Box Number
004
Notes
Entered into Q&A May 17, 2001
Additional Notes
Prison.
Payment to doctor for treating prisoners.
[The document specifies the treatments that were given. Document has many names, but often only the last name is given. This list is the full names that were recorded.]
Atlee, John L. Dr. Physician.
Clark, Flora.
Boyer, Samuel.
Getz, Philip.
Kearns, Robert.
Krug, Robert M.
Bailey, J.M.
Grey, John.
Banks, David.
M'Donnel, Ann.
Wilson, David.
Henry, Joseph.
Lynch, Hannah.
Sanders, Hugh.
Gardner, Adam.
Smith, J. Henry.
Jones, Eliza.
Johnson, Sarah.
Brice, Selah.
Roop, Fanny. Roup, Fanny.
Boyd, Robert.
Burnes, Henry.
Cooper, Anne.
Derrick, Mary.
Basset, Mary. Basset, Polly.
Thompson, Sarah.
Finkenaur, A. M.
Remley, Frederick.
Cooby, Betsey.
Hamilton, Nancy.
Hickman, Sally. Hickman, Sarah.
Briscoe, Sarah.
Young, Kitty.
1 item. 1 piece.
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Request at research desk. Photocopy made by staff member.
Classification
RG 08-01 0510
Description Level
Item
Less detail
Collection
Habeas Corpus Papers
Title
Habeas Corpus Paper of Gilmor Hull
Object ID
Habeas 1860 F011
Date Range
1860
  1 document  
Collection
Habeas Corpus Papers
Title
Habeas Corpus Paper of Gilmor Hull
Admin/Biographical History
A writ of habeas corpus is a procedure for obtaining a judicial determination of the legality of an individual's custody. This collection includes petitions for writs of habeas corpus and the writs themselves, showing the names of petitioners, persons to be brought to court, nature of dispute or alleged crime, dates of writs and accompanying documents, names of judges, and names of persons that the writs are filed against. Petitioners include indentured servants, Freedom Seekers, free persons of color, convicted prisoners, those awaiting trial, relatives of prisoners, parties in child custody disputes, and relatives of army recruits and draftees.
Date Range
1860
Year
1860
Creator
Pennsylvania. Court of Common Pleas (Lancaster County)
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Room
Archives West
Storage Container
Box 0007
People
Cadwell, Jay
Hull, Gilmor
Long, Henry Grimler
Slokum, Samuel
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Subjects
African Americans--History
Habeas corpus
Search Terms
Charge: kidnapping
Free persons of color
Habeas corpus
Persons of color
Petitions
Object Name
Writ
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Object ID
Habeas 1860 F011
Location of Originals
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Box Number
007
Associated Material
Lancaster County Archives has Habeas Corpus dockets:
1799-1978, ten volumes, record of writs of Habeas Corpus written.
1895-1983, 43 boxes, original petitions.
Notes
LancasterHistory is committed to preserving and providing access to materials chronicling Lancaster County's heritage. As a historical resource, this document reflects the racial prejudices and actions of the era. In order to maintain the historical integrity and context of collection items, LancasterHistory does not censor historical documents or edit language, titles, or organization names when transcribing original content.
Additional Notes
Charged with kidnapping a free man of color.
Petitioner: Hull, Gilmor.
Filed against: Cadwell, Jay. Occupation: prisonkeeper.
Petition, includes copy of warrant of commitment.
Habeas corpus, includes decision.
Return, includes copy of warrant of commitment.
3 items, 2 pieces
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Please use digital images and transcriptions when available. Original documents may be used by appointment - contact research@lancasterhistory.org at least two weeks prior to visit.
Copyright
Images have been provided for research purposes. Please contact research@lancasterhistory.org for a high-resolution image and permission to publish. There is no publication fee.
Credit
Courtesy of Lancaster County Archives and LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Case Number
1047.000
Classification
RG 01-00 2313
Description Level
Item
Custodial History
Digitization of this document was funded by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, PHMC Appl ID # 202010016624, 2020-2023.
Documents

Habeas_1860_F011.pdf

Read PDF Download PDF
Less detail
Collection
Habeas Corpus Papers
Title
Habeas Corpus Paper of James H. Lindsey
Object ID
Habeas 1860 F014
Date Range
1860
  1 document  
Collection
Habeas Corpus Papers
Title
Habeas Corpus Paper of James H. Lindsey
Admin/Biographical History
A writ of habeas corpus is a procedure for obtaining a judicial determination of the legality of an individual's custody. This collection includes petitions for writs of habeas corpus and the writs themselves, showing the names of petitioners, persons to be brought to court, nature of dispute or alleged crime, dates of writs and accompanying documents, names of judges, and names of persons that the writs are filed against. Petitioners include indentured servants, Freedom Seekers, free persons of color, convicted prisoners, those awaiting trial, relatives of prisoners, parties in child custody disputes, and relatives of army recruits and draftees.
Date Range
1860
Year
1860
Creator
Pennsylvania. Court of Common Pleas (Lancaster County)
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Room
Archives West
Storage Container
Box 0007
People
Anderson, Abram
Brinton, Ferree
Cadwell, Jay
Clarkson, G.
Hayes, A. L.
Lindsey, James H.
Long, Henry Grimler
Slokom, S.
Updebarn, Thomas
Weigand, Edwin
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Subjects
Habeas corpus
African Americans--History
Search Terms
Habeas corpus
Persons of color
Charge: kidnapping
Petitions
Object Name
Writ
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Object ID
Habeas 1860 F014
Location of Originals
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Box Number
007
Associated Material
Lancaster County Archives has Habeas Corpus dockets:
1799-1978, ten volumes, record of writs of Habeas Corpus written.
1895-1983, 43 boxes, original petitions.
Notes
LancasterHistory is committed to preserving and providing access to materials chronicling Lancaster County's heritage. As a historical resource, this document reflects the racial prejudices and actions of the era. In order to maintain the historical integrity and context of collection items, LancasterHistory does not censor historical documents or edit language, titles, or organization names when transcribing original content.
Additional Notes
Charged with kidnapping.
Person of color.
Petitioner: Lindsey, James H.
Filed against: Cadwell, Jay. Occupation: prisonkeeper.
Petition.
Copy of warrant of commitment.
Habeas corpus.
Return, includes copy of warrant of commitment and decision.
Note from S. Slokom.
5 items, 2 pieces
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Please use digital images and transcriptions when available. Original documents may be used by appointment - contact research@lancasterhsitory.org at least two weeks prior to visit.
Copyright
Images have been provided for research purposes. Please contact research@lancasterhistory.org for a high-resolution image and permission to publish. There is no publication fee.
Credit
Courtesy of Lancaster County Archives and LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Case Number
1050.000
Classification
RG 01-00 2313
Description Level
Item
Custodial History
Digitization of this document was funded by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, PHMC Appl ID # 202010016624, 2020-2023.
Documents

Habeas_1860_F014.pdf

Read PDF Download PDF
Less detail
Collection
Habeas Corpus Papers
Title
Habeas Corpus Paper of Robert Thornton
Object ID
Habeas 1861 F005
Date Range
1861
  1 document  
Collection
Habeas Corpus Papers
Title
Habeas Corpus Paper of Robert Thornton
Admin/Biographical History
A writ of habeas corpus is a procedure for obtaining a judicial determination of the legality of an individual's custody. This collection includes petitions for writs of habeas corpus and the writs themselves, showing the names of petitioners, persons to be brought to court, nature of dispute or alleged crime, dates of writs and accompanying documents, names of judges, and names of persons that the writs are filed against. Petitioners include indentured servants, Freedom Seekers, free persons of color, convicted prisoners, those awaiting trial, relatives of prisoners, parties in child custody disputes, and relatives of army recruits and draftees.
Date Range
1861
Year
1861
Creator
Pennsylvania. Court of Common Pleas (Lancaster County)
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Room
Archives West
Storage Container
Box 0007
People
Cadwell, Jay
Long, Henry Grimler
McLane, John M.
Proctor, William
Thornton, Robert
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Subjects
African Americans--History
Habeas corpus
Search Terms
Charge: stealing
Habeas corpus
Persons of color
Petitions
Object Name
Writ
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Object ID
Habeas 1861 F005
Location of Originals
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Box Number
007
Associated Material
Lancaster County Archives has Habeas Corpus dockets:
1799-1978, ten volumes, record of writs of Habeas Corpus written.
1895-1983, 43 boxes, original petitions.
Notes
LancasterHistory is committed to preserving and providing access to materials chronicling Lancaster County's heritage. As a historical resource, this document reflects the racial prejudices and actions of the era. In order to maintain the historical integrity and context of collection items, LancasterHistory does not censor historical documents or edit language, titles, or organization names when transcribing original content.
Additional Notes
Charged with stealing.
Person of color.
Petitioner: Thornton, Robert.
Filed against: Cadwell, Jay. Occupation: prisonkeeper.
Petition.
Copy of warrant of commitment.
Habeas corpus, includes decision.
Return, includes copy of warrant of commitment.
4 items, 2 pieces
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Please us digital images and transcriptions when available. Original documents may be used by appointment - contact research@lancasterhistory.org at least two weeks prior to visit.
Copyright
Images have been provided for research purposes. Please contact research@lancasterhistory.org for a high-resolution image and permission to publish. There is no publication fee.
Credit
Courtesy of Lancaster County Archives and LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Case Number
1087.000
Classification
RG 01-00 2313
Description Level
Item
Custodial History
Digitization of this document was funded by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, PHMC Appl ID # 202010016624, 2020-2023.
Documents

Habeas_1861_F005.pdf

Read PDF Download PDF
Less detail
Collection
Habeas Corpus Papers
Title
Habeas Corpus Paper of Benjamin Hughet
Object ID
Habeas 1862 F023
Date Range
1862
  1 document  
Collection
Habeas Corpus Papers
Title
Habeas Corpus Paper of Benjamin Hughet
Admin/Biographical History
A writ of habeas corpus is a procedure for obtaining a judicial determination of the legality of an individual's custody. This collection includes petitions for writs of habeas corpus and the writs themselves, showing the names of petitioners, persons to be brought to court, nature of dispute or alleged crime, dates of writs and accompanying documents, names of judges, and names of persons that the writs are filed against. Petitioners include indentured servants, Freedom Seekers, free persons of color, convicted prisoners, those awaiting trial, relatives of prisoners, parties in child custody disputes, and relatives of army recruits and draftees.
Date Range
1862
Year
1862
Creator
Pennsylvania. Court of Common Pleas (Lancaster County)
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Room
Archives West
Storage Container
Box 0008
People
Cadwell, Jay
Cornelius, Ann
Cornelius, Peter
Hughet, Benjamin
Kirkwood, Thomas C.
Proctor, Mary E.
Steele, William W.
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Subjects
African Americans--History
Habeas corpus
Search Terms
Habeas corpus
Persons of color
Petitions
Warrants of commitment
Object Name
Writ
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Object ID
Habeas 1862 F023
Location of Originals
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Box Number
008
Associated Material
Lancaster County Archives has Habeas Corpus dockets:
1799-1978, ten volumes, record of writs of Habeas Corpus written.
1895-1983, 43 boxes, original petitions.
Notes
LancasterHistory is committed to preserving and providing access to materials chronicling Lancaster County's heritage. As a historical resource, this document reflects the racial prejudices and actions of the era. In order to maintain the historical integrity and context of collection items, LancasterHistory does not censor historical documents or edit language, titles, or organization names when transcribing original content.
Additional Notes
Petitioner: Hughet, Benjamin.
Person of color.
Filed against: Cadwell, Jay. Occupation: prisonkeeper.
Petition.
Copy of warrant of commitment.
Habeas corpus, includes decision.
Return, includes copy of warrant of commitment.
Discharge paper.
Note from William W. Steele.
Two notes from Thomas C. Kirkwood.
8 items, 6 pieces
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Please use digital images and transcriptions when available. Original documents may be used by appointment - contact research@lancasterhsitory.org at least two weeks prior to visit.
Copyright
Images have been provided for research purposes. Please contact research@lancasterhistory.org for a high-resolution image and permission to publish. There is no publication fee.
Credit
Courtesy of Lancaster County Archives and LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Case Number
1158.000
Classification
RG 01-00 2313
Description Level
Item
Custodial History
Digitization of this document was funded by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, PHMC Appl ID # 202010016624, 2020-2023.
Documents

Habeas_1862_F023.pdf

Read PDF Download PDF
Less detail
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Object ID
CommOrder 1821 #040B
Date Range
1821
Collection
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Title
Commissioners' order for payment
Admin/Biographical History
This record group contains canceled orders that were issued by the county commissioners for payment to be made by the county treasurer. The orders show date, order number, amount, name of payee, purpose, and signatures of the county commissioners.
Date Range
1821
Year
1821
Creator
County Commissioners
Storage Location
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, PA
Storage Room
Archives North
Storage Container
Box 0001
People
Austen, James
Banks, David
Bennet, Isaac
Bisco, John
Black, Alexander
Blottenberger, Peter
Boyle, John
Bullman, James
Burk, Joseph
Campbell, Mary
Cannon, John
Carns, Robert
Carter, Charles
Chapman, Barbara
Christy, John
Clark, Henry
Cochran, Isaac
Cooper, William
Copelen, Isaac
Davis, Hugh
Debler, Joseph
Deneven, David
Dill, Thomas
Doress, James
Dunlap, John
Ellinger, David
Eron, George
Fitzgerrel, George W.
Flick, Christian
Frances, Fanny
Franton, Samuel
Gallagher, Michael
Gallagher, Patrick
Glasgoe, Abraham
Gray, John
Green, Charles
Hains, Samuel
Hildebrand, John
Howard, Adam
Hyden, George
Johnson, John
Johnson, Thomas
Jones, John
Jones, Samuel
Kain, James
Kauffman, Isaac
Kee, William
Keiler, Daniel
Keiler, John
Laferdy, Lewesa
Leek, Margaret
Lewis, William
Livey, John
Lyle, Hugh
Lynch, Biddy
Lynch, Elonor
Lynch, Hannah
Mail, Urial
Markle, Jacob
McGrann, Patrick
McKitrick, Patrick
Milford, John
Milyert, Alexander
Moldoon, Charles
Mooney, William
Moore, James
Myers, Jacob
Myers, John
Nagle, Frederick
O'Donnel, Barney
O'Donnel, Dennis
Parker, Joseph
Paterson, Charles
Philips, Henry
Pinehart, Michael
Porter, Thomas
Price, John
Richardson, John B.
Shartz, Conrad
Shepperd, Benjamin
Smith, John
Smith, Martin
Smuller, John
Stewart, Charles
Stewart, Christopher
Stewart, George
Summervill, William
Swann, Saul
Tate, Agnes
Taylor, William
Thompson, William
Tunaron, Francis
Vandike, Jacob
Ward, Michael
Watson, Olaver
Will, Conrad
Will, John
Willes, Thomas
Williams, Robert
Wilson, John
Zarlet, Mary Ann
Subcategory
Documentary Artifact
Subjects
African Americans--History
Prisoners
Search Terms
Commissioners' Orders for Payment
Expenses
Fees
Incarcerated persons
Lancaster
Persons of color
Prisons
Women
Object Name
Order for Payment
Language
English
Condition
Fair
Condition Date
2008-03-25
Object ID
CommOrder 1821 #040B
Location of Originals
LancasterHistory, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Box Number
001
Notes
Never entered into Q&A.
LancasterHistory is committed to preserving and providing access to materials chronicling Lancaster County's heritage. As a historical resource, this document reflects the racial prejudices and actions of the era. In order to maintain the historical integrity and context of collection items, LancasterHistory does not censor historical documents or edit language, titles, or organization names when transcribing original content.
Additional Notes
Jail fees and expenses for prisoners from July 1 to October 1, 1821.
Vandike, Jacob. Person of color.
Francis, Fanney.
Smith, John.
McGrann, Patrick.
Stewart, George.
Hyden, George.
Kain, James.
Cannon, John.
Pinehart, Michael.
Green, Charles. Person of color.
Swann, Saul. Person of color.
Austen, James.
Bullman, James. Person of color.
Mooney, William.
Laferdy, Lewesa.
Hildebrand, John.
Ellinger, David.
Gallagher, Michael.
Carter, Charles. Person of color.
Ward, Michael. Person of color.
Christy, John. Person of color.
Banks, David. Person of color.
Leek, Margaret.
Stewart, Charles.
Black, Alexander.
Franton, Samuel.
Paterson, Charles.
Lynch, Hannah.
Myers, Jacob.
Markle, Jacob.
Jones, Samuel.
Mail, Urial.
Blotenberger, Peter.
Deneven, David.
Thompson, William.
Jones, John.
Hains, Samuel.
Bisco, John. Person of color.
Williams, Robert.
Milford, John.
Lewis, William. Person of color.
Burk, Joseph.
Campbell, Mary.
Dill, Thomas. Person of color.
Tate, Agnes.
Watson, Olaver.
Boyle, John.
Zarlet, Mary Ann.
A stranger. (Name not recorded).
Glasgoe, Abraham. Person of color.
Price, John. Person of color.
Eron, George. Person of color.
Richardson, John B. Person of color.
Bennet, Isaac.
Johnson, Thomas. Person of color.
Livey, John.
Kee, William.
O'Donnel, Barney.
McKitrick, Patrick.
Myers, John.
Parker, Joseph. Person of color.
Carns, Robert.
O'Donnel, Dennis.
Gray, John. Person of color.
Kauffman, Isaac.
Lyle, Hugh.
Shartz, Conrad.
Nagle, Frederick.
Keiler, Daniel.
Stewart, Christopher.
Tunaron, Francis. Person of color.
Cochran, Isaac.
Johnson, John. Person of color.
Willes, Thomas.
Moldoon, Charles.
Moore, James.
Clark, Henry.
Flick, Christian.
Taylor, William.
Howard, Adam.
Philips, Henry.
Frances, Fanny.
Lynch, Biddy.
Lynch, Elonor.
Cooper, William.
Milyert, Alexander. Person of color.
Chapman, Barbara.
Smuller, John.
Will, Conrad.
Clark, Henry. Person of color.
Williams.
Gallagher, Paterick.
Porter, Thomas.
Copelen, Isaac.
Peterson, Charles.
Debler, Joseph.
Fitzgerrel, George W.
Doress, James.
Shepperd, Benjamin.
Summervill, William.
Keiler, John.
A stranger (name not recorded).
Smith, Martin.
Davis, Hugh.
Wilson, John.
Dunlap, John.
Chapman, Barbera.
Will, John.
1 item, 1 piece
Access Conditions / Restrictions
Request at research desk. Photocopy made by staff member.
Classification
RG 08-01 0510
Description Level
Item
Less detail

10 records – page 1 of 1.