in the states referred to. And what his difficulties were, especially in Ohio and Michigan, may readily be imagined when we remember the thirty years of Indian turmoil in this western region during the period of the French and Indian War, the Pontiac Conspiracy, and the American Revolution. We in the

, in August, 1846, Sutter took the oath of allegiance to the United States of America. Throughout that year and the following year, he maintained his own troops and kept order in the vast reaches of northern California. He did not receive a cent for his services during the war, nor were his soldiers

quoted. Between 1846 and 1847 his son, Dr. F. E. Melsheimer, contributed seven papers describing new North American beetles. In 1853 there appeared a Catalogue of the Descriptions of the Coleoptera of the United States, revised by Haldeman and Leconte. Frederick Valentine Melsheimer should be given some